chapter 13
閫欓爴椋亷寰岋紝鑸囪瑵鍢変竴灏辨矑鏈夐亷鑱公锛屽氨绠楁湁骞炬鍒颁含鍩庡嚭宸紝渚濈劧鏄柇鑱殑鐙鎱嬨傜敋鑷充笉鐭ラ亾濂规槸鐣欏湪娓煄浜嗭紝閭勬槸鍥炰簡浜煄銆備竴鍒囦技涔庡洖鍒颁簡鏈鍒濆洖鍦嬬殑鏃ュ瓙锛屽繖纰岀殑宸ヤ綔锛岃布蹇冪殑濂虫湅鍙嬶紝鍠噵鑰屽厖瀵︾殑鐢熸椿銆?br />
鐒惰屽娣变汉闈滅殑鏅傚欙紝绮剧涓婄殑婊胯冻澹撲笉浣忕┖铏涚殑鐢熺悊闇姹傦紝浠栨嚪蹇佃瑵鍢変竴甯朵締鐨勫埡婵锛屼篃鏈夐亷鎳风枒鏄笉鏄拰鏉庡畨榇讳箣闁撳お閬庢寜姝ュ氨鐝紝鏀硅畩閬庝篃鍢楄│閬庯紝涓︽矑鏈夌敤锛岄偅绋瘈濂忎笂鐨勯粯濂戯紝澶卞幓鐞嗘х殑蹇劅锛屽绲傛壘涓嶅埌銆傚垢濂藉彧鏄伓鐖剧殑闆g啲锛岀暥韬績閮芥姇鍏ュ伐浣滐紝浜轰篃灏辩疮寰楅fф吘閮芥槸濂緢銆?br />
鎵鏈夌殑杈涘嫟锛屼篃鍦ㄥ勾绲傚緱鍒颁簡鍥炲牨锛屽崌鑱峰姞钖紝灏卞樊杩庡ǘ鐧藉瘜缇庝簡銆傞欐ǎ鐨勮渚冿紝鍠不灏囧畠璁婃垚浜嗙従瀵︼紝浠栧拰姊佹倕婢勬焙瀹氫簡涓夋湀绲愬銆?br />
閫欏嬪枩瑷婂偝鍑猴紝椤ч潨鎰熷彈鍒颁簡渚嗚嚜鍥涙柟鍏潰鐨勫鍔涳紝鐢氳嚦鍠不涔熷崐瑾嶇湡鍗婄帺绗戝湴鎻愯锛氥屾垜鍊戝嗕竴璧疯睛濠氱Ξ琛屼笉锛熻湝鏈堟梾琛岄倓鑳芥湁浼淬傘?br />
椤ч潨鍥炰簡涓鍊嬬湅鍌诲瓙鐨勭溂绁炪?br />
鍙儨閬庡勾鏅傚欏洖瀹讹紝鐩存帴鑰岀劇娉曞洖閬裤?br />
鍦樺勾椋緦锛岄¨姣嶅彨浣忎簡椤ч潨锛岄’鐒舵槸瑕佷締涓鍫磋Κ瀛愪氦璜囥傚ス涔熶笉杞夊綆鎶硅鐨勶紝鍧愪笅灏辫锛氥岄潨闈滀綘鎵撶畻浠涔堟檪鍊欏拰瀹夊畨绲愬锛熴?br />
銆岀従鍦ㄥお鏃╀簡鈥斺斻?br />
椤ф瘝灏囦粬鎵撴柗锛屻屼綘鍜屽畨瀹夊緸楂樹腑璜囧埌鐝惧湪锛屽崄骞撮兘鏈変簡鍚э紝骞寸磤鍒颁簡绲愬鏄爢鐞嗘垚绔犵殑浜嬶紝浣犱笉鍏夌潃鎯宠嚜宸憋紝涔熻鐐轰汉瀹跺コ瀛╁瓙鑰冩叜涓涓嬶紝璺熶簡浣犻欓杭浜涘勾锛屼綘鍘诲鍦嬭畝鏇革紝濂逛篃绛夌潃浣狅紝浣犲ソ濂芥兂鎯宠嚜宸辨噳瑭叉庢ǎ寰呬汉瀹讹紝鑰屼笉鏄彧鏈変綘鐨勬兂娉曘傘?br />
椤ч潨闆栫劧琚鏈嶄簡锛屼粛鐒舵槸涓嶈偗楝嗗彛锛屽洜鐐轰粬娓呮鐭ラ亾姝ゅ埢鐨勮獚鍚屾槸鎰х枤鏄笉蹇嶆槸蹇冪柤锛岃屾矑鏈変竴鍒嗘槸灏嶆湭渚嗙殑鏈熷緟銆?br />
绲愬閫欏康闋竴鍑猴紝浠栨棦鏄瑔浜嗗彛姘o紝浼间箮浜嬫儏灏辫┎閫欐ǎ瀹夋帓锛岃閮芥姝″枩鍠滐紝鍙︿竴鏂归潰鍙堜笉鏁㈠皪浜烘彁璧凤紝鎬曡鍑哄彛鐨勮┍灏变笉鑳藉弽鎮旓紝鎬曡嚜宸卞緦鎮斻傚敮鏈夊瘎鏈涘嵆灏囨鍏ュ濮荤敓娲荤殑濂藉弸锛岃兘甯剁郸浠栧媷姘c?br />
鍠不椤劧涓嶇煡閬撹嚜宸辫瀵勪簣鍘氭湜锛屼粬鍧︾劧灏嶉¨闈滆鍑鸿嚜宸辩殑鎱屽嫉銆傚剺绠℃湁灏堟キ鐨勫濮荤瓥鍔冿紝浣嗕緷鐒朵笉鑳芥斁涓嬪績渚嗭紝涔熺偤濠氬緦鐢熸椿鐨勬湭鐭ュ繍蹇戙?br />
椤ч潨鍟忥細銆屽鎬曢倓瑕佺祼濠氾紵銆?br />
鎴栬呬粬鐨勮〃鎯呭お閬庤糠鎯橈紝鍠不鍙嶆绗戝緱鍜э紝鐪肩閭勫付鎰忓緱蹇楁豢鐨勯剻澶凤紝鍞遍亾锛氥岄¨鍝ヤ綘涓嶆噦鎰涳紝闆峰嘲濉斿凡鎺変笅渚嗐傘?br />
銆??銆?br />
銆屽洜鐐烘湡寰呭ぇ鏂兼亹鎳硷紝灏卞儚鎳峰瓡涓妯o紝鐢熷皬瀛╅欓杭鍙曪紝澶氬皯濂充汉閭勬槸鎯崇暥濯藉锛屼笉鏄竴妯e棊锛熴?br />
銆岃寰椾綘鐢熼亷涓妯c傘?br />
銆屽樋锛屾垜濯冲│鍏掔敓鍟婏紝涓婂叐閫辨垜鍜屾緞婢勫幓浜嗛啱闄㈤珨妾紝鎴戦爢渚垮牨浜嗗嬪垎濞╅珨椹楋紝鐥涘緱鎴戦兘鍝簡锛屽啀鎯虫兂濂瑰珌绲︽垜锛岃娲楄。鍋氶/鍠傞洖椁婅爆鐓ч¨涓瀹惰佸皬锛屾嚪瀛曢倓寰楅洠鍙楀崄鍊嬫湀锛屾垜鐣剁劧瑕佸鎬曪紝鎬曡嚜宸卞皪濂逛笉澶犲ソ銆傘嶅柆娌诲槅浜嗗彛姘o紝鎺ラ亾锛氥岄潨闈滀綘澶嚜鎴戯紝璺熶綘璜囨垁鎰涘緢绱殑銆傛潕鑰佸斧灏嶄綘娌掕┍瑾簡锛屽ソ濂界弽鎯滀汉瀹跺惂銆傘?br />
椤ч潨鐒¤┍鍙锛屾瘡鍊嬩汉瑾殑閮藉皪锛屽彲浠ョ悊瑙o紝鍙互鎺ュ彈锛屼絾鏄粬鍗荤劇娉曟噳鐢ㄨ嚜韬紝闄藉闄伴仌閫欏洓瀛楋紝宸茬稉鏄粬涓嶅彲鍒嗗壊鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎锛屾濡備笉瑾嚭鍙g殑璎婅█灏辩畻涓嶄笂娆洪銆?br />